Sound Analysis

Speed of Sound = 331.4 + 0.6 Tc m/s = 344.6 m/s @ 22 deg C

Fn = Fo * (2) ^ (n/12)

Concert Pitch: Concert A, A4 = 440 Hz

Scientific Pitch Notation: A3 B3 C4 D4 E4 F4 G4 A4 B4

Human Ear Detection: 20Hz - 20 kHz, +0 dB (1*10^-12 W/m^2)

Synthesizer basics include attack, decay, sustain, and release as represented graphically below. The envelope level generally applies to volume but can be sequenced to any number of parameters. The gate duration would be the duration of input such as the length of time holding down a key.

Sounds
Different instruments can be synthesized by creating waves signature to the instrument's geometry, see examples below. Some instruments, such as the piano, contain too complex of a geometry to synthesize well. These instruments are typically electronically simulated through sampling not synthesis.

Sine Wave:

Flute

Triangular Wave:

Trumpet

Square Wave:

Clarinet

Sawtooth Wave:

Synth Lead
The synth lead is typically responsible for the main melody of the song. In attempt to create space rock atmosphere this will be primarily organs and piano as used in popular space films such as 2001 Space Odyssey and Interstellar. In electronic tangents such as Daft Punk's TRON or EVE Online's OST the lead will be driven more by an arpeggiator.

Synth Pad
The synth pad is generally used for sustained background or atmospheric effects. It is not difficult to imagine spacey sounding pads which is why this category will require the broadest palette.

Synth Bass
The synth bass of the music will imbalance the classical leads by clashing with them to create a chaotic punkish take on conventional space music. Closer sync and traditional bass will relax the listener while syncopated harsh or dark basses will induce stress.